Publications

2011

• Numerical modelling of nonlinear interactions of waves with submerged structures : applied to the simulation of wave energy converters
  
  • Guerber Etienne
  , 2011. This PhD is dedicated to the development of an advanced numerical model for simulating interactions between free surface waves of arbitrary steepness and rigid bodies in high amplitude motions. Based on potential theory, it solves the coupled dynamics of waves and structure with the implicit method by Van Daalen (1993), also named the acceleration potential method by Tanizawa (1995). The precision of this two-dimensional model is tested on a wide range of applications involving the forced motion or free motion of a submerged horizontal cylinder of circular cross-section : diffraction by a fixed cylinder, radiation by a cylinder in specified high amplitude motions, wave absorption by the Bristol cylinder. In each of these applications, numerical results are compared to experimental data or analytical solutions based on the linear wave theory, with a good agreement especially for small amplitude motions of the cylinder and small wave steepnesses. The irregular wave generation by a paddle and the possibility to add an extra circular cylinder are integrated in the model and illustrated on practical applications with simple wave energy converters. The model is finally extended to three dimensions, with preliminary results for a sphere in large amplitude heaving oscillations (10.70675/26b7b2a0z152az4811za8a0z9a63e554e903)
  DOI : 10.70675/26b7b2a0z152az4811za8a0z9a63e554e903
• Modelisation of the diffusive transport of algal blooms in a coastal environment using a stochastic method
  
  • Joly Antoine
  , 2011. The aim of this PhD thesis was to develop a model to predict the motion of algae in sea waters along a coastline. The method chosen was to use a large Eulerian industrial code to model the mean flow, and add Lagrangian model to predict the motion of individual particles. This Lagrangian modelis a three-step model. In the first modelling step, the mean flow characteristics at the location of the particles (solid bodies modelling the algae) are extracted from the Eulerian model and imputed into a stochastic model to find the turbulent fluid velocities. These fluid velocities are used in the second step to solve for the solid body velocities, by solving for the drag, momentum, buoyant and Basset history forces. The final modelling step is to use these solid body velocities to calculate the trajectories of particles. An exact integrator method was then developed to solve for these equations. The model was then validated using two experiments. Firstly sphere of different size were released in fluids of different densities, where a stationary quasi-homogeneous turbulence. This turbulence was generated by oscillating a pair of grids. In the second experiment spherical particles were released in anon-homogeneous turbulent flow. This flow was achieved by partially obstructing a channel, so that a recirculation zone was generated. The particle transport model was then tested numerically using the simulations of a real flow along the coasts of Normandy where numerical particles representing algae were released (10.70675/604ff716z9914z4d51z8dd0zdaf961695331)
  DOI : 10.70675/604ff716z9914z4d51z8dd0zdaf961695331
• Numerical prediction of microalgae productivity and energy requirement during the cultivation process in raceway
  
  • Hartmann Philipp
  • Boulanger Anne-Céline
  • Sainte-Marie Jacques
  • Bristeau Marie-Odile
  • Ebert Kerstin
  • Sciandra Antoine
  • Bernard Olivier
  , 2011. no abstract
• A new model for shallow elastic fluids
  
  • Bouchut François
  • Boyaval Sébastien
  , 2011. We propose a new reduced model for gravity-driven free-surface flows of shallow elastic fluids. It is obtained by an asymptotic expansion of the upper-convected Maxwell model for elastic fluids. The viscosity is assumed small (of order epsilon, the aspect ratio of the thin layer of fluid), but the relaxation time is kept finite. Additionally to the classical layer depth and velocity in shallow models, our system describes also the evolution of two scalar stresses. It has an intrinsic energy equation. The mathematical properties of the model are established, an important feature being the non-convexity of the physically relevant energy with respect to conservative variables, but the convexity with respect to the physically relevant pseudo-conservative variables. Numerical illustrations are given, based on a suitable well-balanced finite-volume discretization involving an approximate Riemann solver.
• Dynamic Routing of Flow Resistance and Alluvial Bed-Form Changes from the Lower to the Upper Regime
  
  • Huybrechts Nicolas
  • Luong G. V.
  • Zhang Y. F.
  • Villaret Catherine
  • Verbanck M. A.
  Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011, 137 (9), pp.932-944. On the basis of a Strouhal number and the definition of the control factor, m, a new routing to calculate the energy slope in the lower and upper alluvial regimes is proposed. The control factor, m, representing the interactions in alluvial rivers, is reckoned as a bed-form index: while the flow evolves through transition, the control factor, m, decreases from m=2, associated with two-dimensional fully developed dunes, to m=1, associated primarily with in-phase waves. The way to predict the value of the control factor, m, is drawn from a previously published criterion for delineating the upper regime and is calibrated with experimental data. On several data from flumes and rivers, the routing is tested and compared with other methods from the literature. It appears that the new routing is the most robust because it allows researchers to obtain low averages of the discrepancy ratio for a wide range of ratios between the water depth and the median sediment diameter. On a selection of contrasted freshet events, the new routing allows for the capture of the primary dynamic of the flow resistance decrease. (10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000371)
  DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000371
• Observations of canonical flow resistance in fast-flowing sand bed rivers
  
  • Huybrechts Nicolas
  • Luong S. V.
  • Zhang Y. F.
  • Verbanck M. A.
  Journal of Hydraulic Research, Taylor & Francis, 2011, 49 (5), pp.611-616. Field data are here re-interpreted using the Vortex-Drag equation for evaluating the alluvial resistance in a sand bed river. The Vortex-Drag equation introduces the Rossiter resonance concept into alluvial hydraulics. It appears that this equation is more consistent than the Manning approach for the lower alluvial regime since a ripple configuration effectively induces a lower flow resistance coefficient than a duned configuration. A systematic decrease in the control factor down to a canonical value during the transition from the lower to the upper alluvial regime is found for well-contrasted freshet events. It results that during high stream power events with maximum river bed reshaping, the flow pattern is reproduced by simply imposing this canonical value. This is most welcome in alluvial hydraulic routing, because peak-discharge events are generally these which are the most difficult to characterize in a straightforward way, both experimentally and numerically. (10.1080/00221686.2011.596651)
  DOI : 10.1080/00221686.2011.596651
• A multi-temporal analysis of AMSR-E data for flood and discharge monitoring during the 2008 flood in Iowa
  
  • Temini Marouane
  • Lacava Teodosio
  • Tarendra Lakhandar
  • Tramutoli Valerio
  • Ghedira Hosni
  • Riadh Ata
  Hydrological Processes, Wiley, 2011, 25 (16), pp.2623-2634. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of using passive microwave data to monitor flood and discharge conditions and to infer watershed hydraulic and hydrologic parameters. The case study is the major flood in Iowa in summer 2008. A new Polarisation Ratio Variation Index (PRVI) was developed based on a multi-temporal analysis of 37 GHz satellite imagery from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) to calculate and detect anomalies in soil moisture and/or inundated areas. The Robust Satellite Technique (RST) which is a change detection approach based on the analysis of historical satellite records was adopted. A rating curve has been developed to assess the relationship between PRVI values and discharge observations downstream. A time-lag term has been introduced and adjusted to account for the changing delay between PRVI and streamflow. Moreover, the Kalman filter has been used to update the rating curve parameters in near real time. The temporal variability of the b exponent in the rating curve formula shows that it converges toward a constant value. A consistent 21-day time lag, very close to an estimate of the time of concentration, was obtained. The agreement between observed discharge downstream and estimated discharge with and without parameters adjustment was 65 and 95%, respectively. This demonstrates the interesting role that passive microwave can play in monitoring flooding and wetness conditions and estimating key hydrologic parameters. (10.1002/hyp.8020)
  DOI : 10.1002/hyp.8020
• Coupling SPH with a 1-D Boussinesq-type wave model
  
  • Kassiotis Christophe
  • Ferrand Martin
  • Violeau Damien
  • Rogers Benedict D.
  • Stansby Peter K.
  • Benoit Michel
  , 2011, pp.241--247. The high computational cost of SPH remains problematic in dealing with wave propagation, especially when the domains considered are large. In order to overcome this difficulty, we propose to couple 2-D SPH with a 1-D Finite Difference Boussinesq-type model. The latter deals with wave propagations for most of the spatial domain, whereas SPH computations focus on the shoreline or close to off-shore structures, where a complex description of the free-surface is required. The re-use of existing codes is achieved using a generic implementation based on Component Technology. The communication between software is ensured by the middleware Component Template Library (CTL). In order to deal with open domains, open-boundaries have to be implemented for SPH, with water height and velocity varying in space and time. These velocity and water height values are then driven by the Boussinesq-type model. As an illustration of the one way coupling, we present herein two simple examples of water waves, the first one with a flat bottom, the other one representing a schematic coastal protection.
• Coupling finite elements and finite volumes for fluid-structure interaction: algorithms, stability analysis, implementation and examples dealing with free-surface flows
  
  • Kassiotis Christophe
  • Ibrahimbegovic Adnan
  • Matthies Hermann G.
  , 2011, pp.56.
• Comparaison de modèles 1D à casiers et 2D pour la modélisation hydraulique d'une plaine d'inondation - Cas de la Garonne entre Tonneins et La Réole
  
  • Besnard Amélie
  • Goutal Nicole
  La Houille Blanche - Revue internationale de l'eau, EDP Sciences, 2011, 3, pp.42-47. L'objectif de ce travail est d'améliorer la connaissance des différentes méthodes de modélisation hydraulique, essentiellement en ce qui concerne la modélisation d'une plaine d'inondation. On s'intéresse ici à la modélisation 1D à casiers et à la modélisation 2D en comparant les modèles issus des codes Mascaret et Telemac2D sur une portion de 50 km de la Garonne. Les 2 modèles ont été calés sur des lignes d'eau permanentes et en transitoire et ont été comparés sur une crue importante de la Garonne en 1981. Les résultats montrent la bonne convergence des résultats du modèle 1D à casiers sur le modèle 2D. Il montre que ce résultat dépend essentiellement de la bonne représentation des berges et digues longitudinales et confirme l'intérêt d'une modélisation 1D à casiers, compromis intéressant entre une modélisation 1D en lit composé et une modélisation 2D. (10.1051/lhb/2011031)
  DOI : 10.1051/lhb/2011031
• Un couplage fluide-fluide de type Boussinesq-SPH pour des calculs à proximité de structures hydroliennes
  
  • Kassiotis Christophe
  • Rogers Benedict D.
  • Stansby Peter K.
  • Violeau Damien
  • Benoit Michel
  , 2011, pp.7. Au cours de notre exposé, nous présenterons une stratégie de couplage pour des problèmes d'écoulements à surface libre. L'objectif est ici, par exemple, de prendre en compte la propagation de vagues sur des distances moyennes à grandes, et leur déferlement sur les côtes à une échelle plus réduite.
• A poroelastic model valid in large strains with applications to perfusion in cardiac modeling
  
  • Vignon-Clementel Irene
  • Chapelle Dominique
  • Sainte-Marie Jacques
  • Gerbeau Jean-Frédéric
  , 2011, pp.2 p.. See http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/59/26/88/ANNEX/r_5H9QH1SR.pdf
• Simulation for the convective descent phase of dredged-sediment releases in the seawater by a two-fluid model
  
  • Nguyen Duc Hau
  • Guillou Sylvain
  • Nguyen Kim Dan
  • Pham van Bang Damien
  • Chauchat Julien
  , 2011, pp.1-4. The harbour structures are often located in shallow areas, especially in estuaries. It is then necessary to perform dredging to allow ships accessing to the docks. The dredged sediment is released over a predefined deposit zone. During the release, the sediment cloud, of which the concentration can be initially more than 350g/l, contains a lot of contaminants and then will impact to the environment. The purpose of this work is to numerically study the process of dredged sediment with the help of a twophase model [4]. The simulations are performed in the configuration of the experiments of Villaret et al. [6].
• Modélisation non-linéaire des interactions des vagues avec un corps mobile immergé
  
  • Guerber Etienne
  • Benoit Michel
  • Buvat Clément
  • Grilli Stéphan T.
  Revue Paralia, Editions Paralia CFL, 2011, 4, pp.2.1-2.12. Les travaux présentés concernent le développement d'un code de simulation avancé permettant de décrire le mouvement d'un corps immergé sous l'action des vagues, avec des mouvements de grande amplitude. A terme, cet outil est destiné à modéliser le comportement de certains types de Systèmes Récupérateurs d'Energie des Vagues (SREV) immergés. Dans cette étude on adopte une approche potentielle pour la partie hydrodynamique, dans un cadre 2DV (i.e. dans un plan vertical), correspondant au cas d'un canal à houle numérique. Le modèle utilisé pour la génération et la propagation des vagues est un modèle potentiel complètement non-linéaire, fondé sur une méthode d'éléments de frontières d'ordre élevé, développé par Grilli et ses collaborateurs depuis une vingtaine d'années. Ce modèle, déjà largement validé sur différents types d'applications océaniques et côtières, a été modifié pour prendre en compte la présence d'un corps rigide immergé, fixe ou mobile, avec le calcul des efforts de pression hydrodynamique s'exerçant sur le corps. Une méthodologie spécifique a été développée pour résoudre le problème couplé hydrodynamique/mécanique. Nous présentons deux cas de validation pour lesquels les résultats du modèle numérique sont comparés à des résultats d'autres modèles mathématiques : théorie analytique de WU (1993) sur le cas d'un cylindre en mouvement circulaire imposé et théorie linéaire d'EVANS et al. (1979) sur le cas d'un cylindre soumis à des forces externes (forces de rappel, force représentant l'extraction d'énergie des vagues,...), en plus des efforts hydrodynamiques. (10.5150/revue-parallia.2011.002)
  DOI : 10.5150/revue-parallia.2011.002
• Coupling a 3D Navier-Stokes with free-surface model with geometrically non-linear structures
  
  • Kassiotis Christophe
  ERCOFTAC Bulletin, European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence And Combustion, 2011, 86, pp.26-31.
• Occurrence of extreme waves in three-dimensional mechanically generated wave fields propagating over an oblique current
  
  • Toffoli A.
  • Cavaleri L.
  • Babanin A. V.
  • Benoit Michel
  • Bitner-Gregersen E. M.
  • Monbaliu J.
  • Onorato M.
  • Osborne A. R.
  • Stansberg C. T.
  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Copernicus Publ. / European Geosciences Union, 2011, 11, pp.895-903. Laboratory experiments were performed to study the dynamics of three- dimensional mechanically generated waves propagating over an oblique current in partial opposition. The flow velocity varied along the mean wave direction of propagation with an increasing trend between the wave-maker and the centre of the tank. Tests with regular wave packets traversing the area of positive current gradient showed that the concurrent increase of wave steepness triggered modulational instability on otherwise stable wave trains and hence induced the development of very large amplitude waves. In random directional wave fields, the presence of the oblique current resulted in a weak reinforcement of wave instability with a subsequent increase of the probability of occurrence of extreme events. This seems to partially compensate the suppression of strongly non-Gaussian properties due to directional energy distribution. (10.5194/NHESS-11-895-2011)
  DOI : 10.5194/NHESS-11-895-2011
• On the use of a high-performance framework for efficient model coupling in hydroinformatics
  
  • Malleron Nicolas
  • Zaoui F.
  • Goutal Nicole
  • Morel T.
  Environmental Modelling and Software, Elsevier, 2011, 26 (12), pp.1747-1758. (10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.05.017)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.05.017
• On weakly turbulent scaling of wind sea in simulations of fetch-limited growth
  
  • Gagnaire-Renou Elodie
  • Benoit Michel
  • Badulin Sergei I.
  Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2011, 669, pp.178-213. Not Available (10.1017/S0022112010004921)
  DOI : 10.1017/S0022112010004921
• Application of regional frequency analysis to the estimation of extreme storm surges
  
  • Bernardara Pietro
  • Andreewsky Marc
  • Benoit Michel
  Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union, 2011, 116 (C2), pp.C02008. Traditionally, extreme value theory is applied to single-site series of surge observations in order to estimate the probability of occurrence of extreme events at that particular site. However, single-site analyses give uncertain estimation of extreme quantiles, mainly because of the limited duration of observation periods. In order to reduce this uncertainty, regional frequency analysis (RFA) approaches suggest collecting information not only from a single-site series but also from all (statistically) similar available series of observation. The use of RFA is widely increasing in geosciences, but few applications have been attempted yet for surge estimation. The aim of this study is to examine the applicability of RFA to extreme storm surges. The surge data observed at 18 French harbors, located on the Atlantic coast from the Spanish to Belgian borders, were collected. The series span a period of 30 years, on average, with the longest series going back to the 19th century. Stationary and independent samples of extreme surges (peaks over a given threshold) are extracted and their (statistical) homogeneity has been tested via heterogeneity and discordancy measures based on L moments. Homogeneous regions have been identified and, in order to merge information on frequency of occurrence of surges from all the sites, a surge index pooling method is defined. Finally, a regional frequency distribution has been estimated. The hypothesis and the applicability of RFA application are discussed, with some ideas for future developments in the research direction. (10.1029/2010JC006229)
  DOI : 10.1029/2010JC006229
• Division of critical flow at three-branch open-channel intersection
  
  • El Kadi Abderrazzak Kamal
  • Lewicki Leszek
  • Paquier André
  • Riviere Nicolas
  • Travin Gilbert
  Journal of Hydraulic Research, Taylor & Francis, 2011, 49 (2), pp.231-238. An experimental study of the characteristics of dividing critical flows in a 90° open-channel junction formed by three horizontal equal-width branches is presented, conducted for various inflow discharges and downstream boundary conditions. Outflow discharges and flow depths were also measured. Four main flow patterns are identified considering the location and length of the hydraulic jumps that develop across the main and lateral channels. A relationship between the discharge division ratio and the tailwater Froude number is found, reproducing well the experimental data. Practical applications of this relationship include the design of open channel and pipe networks and one-dimensional numerical modelling of flood propagation in urban areas. The study shows also that a two-dimensional depth-averaged numerical model hardly gives better predictions of the discharge ratios because of the presence of three-dimensional features at the junction. (10.1080/00221686.2011.558174)
  DOI : 10.1080/00221686.2011.558174
• Modelling the settling of suspended sediments for concentrations close to the gelling concentration
  
  • Camenen B.
  • Pham van Bang Damien
  Continental Shelf Research, Elsevier, 2011, 31, pp.p. 106 - p. 111. This paper deals with the sedimentation of highly concentrated sediment suspensions (cohesive as well as non-cohesive) and the beginning of the consolidation of cohesive sediments. Based on a comparison of existing empirical formulas and experimental data, the particle Reynolds number was shown to be of importance for the behaviour of particularly non-cohesive sediments. In addition it plays a role in determining whether one or two interfaces develop during the sedimentation phase. In the case of cohesive sediments, the estimation of the gelling concentration, although difficult, seems to be fundamental. Some suggestions on the estimation of the permeability coefficient and total settling function are then given in order to improve the modelling of the sedimentation and consolidation behaviour for concentrations close to the gelling concentration. (10.1016/j.csr.2010.07.003)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.csr.2010.07.003
• Vertically averaged models for the free surface Euler system. Derivation and kinetic interpretation.
  
  • Sainte-Marie Jacques
  Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, World Scientific Publishing, 2011, 21, pp.459-490. Starting from the Euler equations for incompressible flows, we propose an extension of the classical Saint-Venant system where the non-hydrostatic pressure terms are taken into account in the asymptotic expansion. We also derive a multilayer version of this vertically averaged Euler system. The multilayer approach allows mass exchanges between the neighboring layers. Finally we give a kinetic type interpretation for the proposed models. (10.1142/S0218202511005118)
  DOI : 10.1142/S0218202511005118
• On the Modeling and Simulation of Non-Hydrostatic Dam Break Flows
  
  • Caboussat Alexandre
  • Boyaval Sébastien
  • Masserey Alexandre
  Computing and Visualization in Science, Springer Verlag, 2011, 14 (8), pp.401-417. The numerical simulation of three-dimensional dam break flows is discussed. A non-hydrostatic numerical model for free-surface flows is considered, which is based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a volume-of-fluid approach. The numerical results obtained for a variety of benchmark problems show the validity of the numerical approach, in comparison with other numerical models, and allow to investigate numerically the non-hydrostatic three-dimensional effects, in particular for the usual test cases where hydrostatic approximations are known analytically. The numerical experiments on actual topographies, in particular the Malpasset dam break and the (hypothetical) break of the Grande-Dixence dam in Switzerland, also illustrate the capabilities of the method for large-scale simulations and real-life visualization. (10.1007/s00791-013-0190-7)
  DOI : 10.1007/s00791-013-0190-7
• A kinetic interpretation of the section-averaged Saint-Venant system for natural river hydraulics.
  
  • Goutal N.
  • Sainte-Marie Jacques
  International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, Wiley, 2011, 67 (7), pp.914-938. The classical Saint-Venant system is well suited for the modeling of dam breaks, hydraulic jumps, reservoir emptying, flooding, etc. For many applications, the extension of the Saint-Venant system to the case of non rectangular channels is necessary and this section-averaged Saint-Venant system exhibits additional source terms. The main difficulty of these equations consists in the discretization of these source terms. In this paper we propose a kinetic interpretation for the section averaged Saint-Venant system and we derive an associated numerical scheme. The numerical scheme~-- 2$^{nd}$ order in space and time~-- preserves the positivity of the water height, and is well-balanced. Numerical results including comparisons with analytic and experimental test problems illustrate the accuracy and the robustness of the numerical algorithm (10.1002/fld.2401)
  DOI : 10.1002/fld.2401
• Numerical simulations of a non-hydrostatic Shallow Water model
  
  • Bristeau Marie-Odile
  • Goutal Nicole
  • Sainte-Marie Jacques
  Computers and Fluids, Elsevier, 2011, 47 (1), pp.51-64. For geophysical flows, the Saint-Venant system is often a good approximation of the Navier-Stokes equa- tions and so it is widely used for the simulations of shallow water flows and gravity waves. But the Saint- Venant system fails to represent the non-hydrostatic effects such as those associated for example with dispersive waves. To overcome this limitation, we propose an extended version of the Saint-Venant sys- tem and an associated finite volume scheme for the numerical simulations. The proposed model has sev- eral interesting properties e.g. it admits an energy balance and it preserves the dynamics of solitary waves. Several numerical results are given and especially comparisons between simulations and exper- imental measurements. (10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.02.013)
  DOI : 10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.02.013